What is a semiconductor laser?

A semiconductor laser is specifically designed to produce laser light through the process of electron-hole recombination, which occurs in a semiconductor material. When electrons and holes (the absence of electrons) recombine in a semiconductor, energy is released in the form of photons, resulting in the emission of coherent light. This process relies on the unique properties of semiconductors, where the bandgap structure enables controlled emission of light.

Semiconductor lasers, often referred to as laser diodes, are widely used in various applications such as optical communication, laser printing, and barcode scanners due to their compact size, efficiency, and ability to be easily integrated into electronic circuits. The key attribute that differentiates semiconductor lasers from other types of lasers is their reliance on semiconductor material for the generation of light, rather than gases or other solid-state lighting elements.

Understanding the operation of semiconductor lasers is essential for grasping how they fit into broader optoelectronic systems, where control over light generation and manipulation is critical for performance and functionality.