What is the significance of using multi-junction solar cells in photovoltaic systems?

The significance of using multi-junction solar cells in photovoltaic systems lies in their ability to increase efficiency by effectively harnessing a broader spectrum of sunlight. Unlike traditional solar cells, which typically consist of a single junction made from one type of semiconductor material, multi-junction cells are composed of multiple layers, each engineered to absorb different wavelengths of light. This means they can capture more of the solar spectrum, including infrared and ultraviolet light, allowing for higher energy conversion rates.

The layered approach enables these solar cells to outperform standard cells under a variety of illumination conditions, making them particularly advantageous for applications where space is limited and efficiency is paramount, such as in space exploration. Hence, the potential for higher energy output from a given area of solar cell makes multi-junction solar cells a critical technology in advancing solar energy systems.