What mode of operation is used in solar cells?

Solar cells primarily operate in the photovoltaic mode, which is a process where light energy is converted directly into electrical energy. When photons from sunlight strike a solar cell, typically made from semiconductor materials like silicon, they excite electrons, allowing them to flow freely. This flow generates an electric current, which can then be harnessed for power.

The photovoltaic effect is the fundamental principle behind solar cell function. In this mode, the energy of incident light is sufficient to displace electrons, creating electron-hole pairs. The internal electric field of the solar cell ensures that these charges are separated and collected, resulting in a usable electrical output.

Other modes mentioned, like thermal operation, refer more to devices that convert heat energy to electrical energy rather than light directly to electricity. Photoconductive mode involves changes in conductivity due to light exposure but doesn’t generate power in the same efficient manner as photovoltaic cells. Finally, electronic operation mode is a broad term that does not specifically address the unique conversion mechanisms of solar energy into electrical energy found in photovoltaic cells.